Warqadaha Iridescent ee la xidhiidha Marka hore Tiffany iyo Later ilaa Durand
Shirkadda Quezal Art Glass iyo Shirkadda Qurxinta waxay ka bilowday Brooklyn, New York 1901 iyadoo loo marayo hogaamiyeyaasha aasaasiga ah Martin Bach, Sr., Thomas Johnson, Nicholas Bach, Lena Scholtz, iyo Adolph Demuth. Bach Sr. iyo Johnson waxay horey u soo shaqeeyeen Tiffany & Co. kahor intaanay bilaabin shirkadan cusub ee galaaska, sida laga soo xigtay The Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia of Art Art Glass by John A. Shuman, III.
Shirkaddu waxay ku adkaysatay inay sii wado xalinta ka dib 1905, laakiin waxay shaqeynaysay illaa 1918 iyadoo Martin Bach, Sr.
iibsashada maalgeliyeyaasha kale ee asal ahaan bilaabay ganacsiga. Shuman ayaa sheegtay in Conrad Valshing, oo ah gabadha bach iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka, iyo Paul Frank oo ahaa gaffer quraarad ah oo shirkad ah, ayaa bilaabay shirkadda Luster Art oo samaysay gogol la mid ah Quezal ilaa 1929.
Martin Bach, Jr wuxuu ugu dambeyntii dhaxlay naqshadaha shaashadda Quezal ee camaliyadaha iyo hawlgalka shirkadda laga soo bilaabo aabihiis oo u geeriyooday 1921. Ganacsiga ayaa la xidhay sannadkii 1924, isaga oo u diyaariyay inuu tixgeliyo shaqada Vineland Flint Glass Works ee New Jersey oo ka shaqeyneysa Durand dukaanka. "
Ka dib markii uu aqbalay jagada uu ku socdo meheradan cusub ee farshaxanka, wuxuu weydiiyay dhawr shaqaale hore oo Quezal ah inuu ku biiro. Duruusta farshaxanka ee Durand waxay badanaa ku soo koobtay naqshadihii ugu caansanaa ee Quezal, laakiin kooxdu waxay samaysay fikradaha asalka ah. Qaybaha ku-meel-gaarka ah waxay isku dhafeen saamaynta Quezal ee farsamooyinka cusub. Laakiin inkastoo dukaanku uu ugu dambeyn soo saaro warar kala duwan oo loo isticmaalo duruufaha Durand, waxaa jira raadin badan oo la xidhiidha wax soo saarka shirkadda cusub ee Quezal.
Ku saabsan sawirka farshaxanka
Alaabooyinka Quezal waxaa loo yaqaanaa isticmaalka midabada madow, gaar ahaan buluug, dahab, midab, cadaan iyo cagaar. Kuwaas waxaa loo barbar dhigi karaa Tiffany's Favrile ama muraayadda Steuben ee Aurene . Xaqiiqdii, Martin Bach, Sr. wuxuu isticmaalay nidaamyada uu bartay intii uu la shaqaynayay Tiffany si loo soo saaro galaaska, sida uu sheegay Shuman.
Thomas Johnson, oo ka mid ah aasaasayaasha shirkadda, ayaa sidoo kale ahaa xirfad-yaqaan farshaxan oo ka shaqeeya warshad Quezal ah oo ay wehliyaan kuwa kale ee xirfadlayaasha ah iyo muraayadaha muraayadda hore. Waxa uu ka tagay 1907 si uu ula shaqeeyo shirkadda Union Glass ee Massachusetts oo ku biirtay shirkadda Kew Blas shirkadda.
Naqshadaha waxaa mararka qaar abuuray, ama miraayad, muraayad kulul si ay u abuuraan dusha sare ee gaarka ah. Quezal waxaa loo yaqaan muraayadda dahabka ah ee dahabiga ah, muraayadda agateed, baalalka, iyo naqshadaha indhaha ee nasaarada, qaababka caleemaha iyo ubaxyada, iyo xayawaanka qolofka dhexdooda. "Qodobka joogtada ah ee koobka farshaxanimada Quezal waa midabkiisa gaarka ah ee qaabka Art Nouveau, oo ku saleysan qaababka dabiiciga ah iyo dabeecada dabiiciga ah oo ay weheliyaan naqshad farsamo ee fulinta dilaacinta Vases, compotes, maraakiibta cabbitaanka, iyo midabada iftiinka iftiinka ayaa inta badan la isku qurxiyo ubaxyada sida isku-dhafka, tulipska, ubaxyada callaayada, ubaxyada casablanca, iyo jack-in-the-pulpits , "sida ay wadaagaan The Journal of Antiques website.
Waxyaabaha la soo saaray waxaa ka mid ah noocyo waraaqo dabiici ah oo ay la socdaan hooska nalka, taarikada, tumblers, dambiilaha, gumeysiga cusbada, saxaraha iyo iskudhafka dadka kale. Dhamaanba, inkabadan shirkadahan ayaa soo koobay wax soo saarka iyada oo la barbardhigay qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadka ay ku nool yihiin.
Shirkadda Gorham ee Shirkadda Providence, Rhode Island, iyo shirkadda Alvin Silver Manufacturing ee ku taala Sagar Harbor, Long Island ayaa loo yaqaanay inay iibsato galaaska qurxinta Quezal. Qaybahaan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qaabka loo yaqaan 'Art Nouveau' iyo 'Independent', sida uu qoray wargayska The Journal of Antiques.
Qiimaha Quezal-ka ayaa la midoobey Tiffany markii uu ahaa mid cusub, waxaana aad uga sii dheeraaday kuwii loo bixiyay sheyga ay sameeyeen Emile Galle iyo noocyo kale oo laga soo iibsaday Faransiis oo laga iibiyay Maraykanka bishii 1900-yadii. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, ma aysan raqiisan kuwa aan awoodin inay iibsadaan.
Calaamadaha Quezal
Magaca Quezal, oo lagu calaamadeeyay 1902, wuxuu tixraacayaa dhogorta midabka ah ee shimbirta Central Central American oo loo yaqaan 'quitzal'. Ninkan ayaa lagu xayuubiyay lacag ku qoran waraaqo xayawaan ah oo ku dhexjiray barta la gooyey ee saldhigga qaybo ka mid ah akhrinta "Quezal". Calaamado kale ayaa akhrin kara "Quezal NY" ama Quezal oo ay la socdaan waraaq raajo ama warqad iyo lambar.
Shuman waxay xuseysaa in qaybo hore aan la calaamadin, waxaana mararka qaarkood lagu wareeri karaa Steuben's Aurene iyo muraayadda Tiffany's Favrile oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhamaystirka dhamaystiran.
Calaamadaha warqadaha ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay laga bilaabo 1907. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen dhajiye-qaabeyn ah , iyo sidoo kale kuxirnaa saldhigyada muraayadda. Marka la soo saaro ama la xirxiray, muraayadda ayaa laga tagay calaamad.