Inkastoo ay jireen ciyaartoy badan oo weyn taariikhda shahaadada, kaliya dhowr ciyaaryahan ayaa lagu sharfay inay ku guuleystaan horyaalka adduunka Chess.
Fikradda shakhsiga chess ee adduunka ayaa bilaabay inuu soo baxo qeybtii kowaad ee qarnigii 19aad, iyo weedhka "champion-ka" markii ugu horraysay wuxuu ahaa 1845-kii. Tan iyo markaas, waxaa jiray tiro badan oo masters chess si ay u codsadaan jagada, si rasmi ah oo aan rasmi ahayn , laakiin ujeedada qodobkan, waxaan wax ka qaban doonnaa kaliya kuwa si rasmi ah loogu aqoonsan yahay Chess Champions.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale mudan in la ogaado in ay jireen kooxo badan oo aan rasmi ahayn oo horey u ahaa 1886-dii markii markii ugu horeysay uu ka dhacay tartanka Chess-ka markii uu dhacay, sida Paul Morphy.
Koobka Adduunka ee Chess
Koobka Adduunka (oo mararka qaarkood loo soo gaabiyo WCC) ayaa la ciyaaray si loo go'aamiyo jaaniska aduunka ee chess, iyo illaa iyo 1948 tartanka ciyaaraha adduunka oo la ciyaaray si gaar ah oo udhexeeya ciyaartoyda ay kooxda heysata sameyso shuruudaha, iyaga oo u baahan wax khiyaano ah si kor loogu qaado saamiga weyn iyo guuldarada horyaal si ay u codsadaan horyaalka.
Laga soo bilaabo 1948 ilaa 1993, tartanka waxaa maamula xiriirka kubadda cagta adduunka (FIDE), laakiin sannadkii 1993, Garry Kasparov ayaa jebiyay FIDE, taasoo horseeday abuuritaanka tartanka PCA. Tartamayaasha ayaa midoobey intii lagu jiray Koobkii Adduunka ee 2006-dii.
Magnus Carlsen oo ku guuleystay tartankii adduunka ee 2013 ayaa ka horyimid Viswanathan Anand oo si guul ah ugu difaacay horyaalkiisa Anand ee Koobka Adduunka 2014 iyo Sergei Karjakin ee 2016ka; Carlsen ayaa lagu wadaa in uu mar kale difaaco horyaalkiisa tartanka Chess World March 2018.
Munaasabadaha kala duwan iyo jimicsiyada ayaa ah tartanka dumarka ee tartanka dumarka, shahaadada jimicsiga ee aduunka ee da'doodu ka yar tahay 20 sano jir, shahaadada kubada cagta ee adduunka (ragga da'doodu ka wayn tahay 60 jir, iyo haweenka ka sareeya 50), iyo adduunka Computer Chess Championship, taas oo ah dhacdada kaliya ee kombiyuutarada ka qayb qaadan karaan.
World Chess Champions
Xiriirka kubbadda cagta adduunka ee Chess Champions ayaa bilaabay guuldaradii Wilhelm Steinitz ee Johannes Zukertort ee 1886 kulan. Tan iyo wakhtigaasi, tartanka Adduunka ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu muransan yahay ciyaar dhexmartay tartanka haatan iyo tartanka, inkastoo tartamada loo isticmaalay munaasabado sababo kala duwan.
- Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)
- Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)
- Jose Raul Capablanca (1921-1927)
- Alexander Alekhine (1927-1935, 1937-1946)
- Max Euwe (1935-1937)
- Mikhail Botvinnik (1948-1957, 1958-1960, 1961-1963)
- Vasily Smyslov (1957-1958)
- Mikhail Tal (1960-1961)
- Tigran Petrosian (1963-1969)
- Boris Spassky (1969-1972)
- Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (1972-1975)
- Anatoly Karpov (1975-1985)
- Garry Kasparov (1985-2000)
- Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)
- Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)
- Magnus Carlsen (2013-kaddib)
FIDE World Chess Champions
Markii Garry Kasparov uu kala qaybgalay Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Chess (FIDE) oo uu qabanqaabiyay kulankiisii 1993-kii ee kubadda cagta adduunka ee Nigel Short, FIDE waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in ay wali xukumi doonaan tartanka Koobka Adduunka oo ay ku tartamayaan horyaaladooda. Inkasta oo cinwaanka FIDE uusan ku qaadin sharafkii Koobka Adduunka, haddana ciyaartoyda ayaa weli qiimeynaya inay saameyn ku yeeshaan taariikhda kubada cagta.
- Anatoly Karpov (1993-1999)
- Alexander Khalifman (1999-2000)
- Viswanathan Anand (2000-2002)
- Ruslan Ponomariov (2002-2004)
- Ruqa Kasimdzhanov (2004-2005)
- Veselin Topalov (2005-2006)
Sanadkii 2006, labada naadi ayaa midoobeen markii kooxda heysata horyaalka adduunka ee Vladimir Kramnik ay kaga adkaatay FIDE Champion Veselin Topalov.