01 of 06
Laga bilaabo Waxyaabaha Foornada loo Isticmaalay iyo Muraayada Cad
Rare Steuben Clear Candlesticks Glass, 10 1/2 "oo dheer, oo lagu iibiyay $ 2,040 oo ah Bakhaarada Morphy bishii October, 2011. - Muuqaal Muuqaal ah Calaashka waa la sameeyay, haddii la cadaadiyo ama afuufay , oo leh seddexda maaddooyinka hoose: sand, soodhad (oo loo yaqaanno potash), iyo lime. Muraayad aan la daboolin ayaa la mid ah muraayadda midabada leh. Qodobbada loo yaqaan "Metallic oxides" sida "lead" ayaa lagu daraa si looga fogaado nijaaro dhalaalaya oo cadaan ah, sida uu dhigayo Matxafka Hosmer Morse Museum ee Park Park, Florida.
Marka muraayad cad oo loo yaqaan "macdanta macdanta", taasi waxay tusinaysaa in oksijiinta sunta lagu darey galaaska inta lagu jiro wax soo saar si loo hagaajiyo tayada. Muraayada la sameeyey 1800kii hore waxay lahaayeen dhagax lagu daray si loo hagaajiyo caddayn iyo cimri dheeraan. Ereyga "muraayad foorneed" ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sharxo galaas quruxda badan oo tayo wanaagsan leh oo la sameeyey illaa 1900-yadii, inkastoo ay keentay macdanta qaloocnta sidii ay wax uga tarjumayaan bartamihii 1800-kii.
Manganese ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay caddaynta dhalashada illaa 1917. Marka noocyada kala duwan ee muraayadda cad oo fadhiya qorraxda muddo dheer, sida insulatooraha ku yaala telegraph pole, waxay u rogi doontaa midabo kala duwan oo guduud ah.
Ku sii soco bogga 2 si aad wax uga baratid muraayada "BLUE glass" .
02 of 06
Sidee Midabkiisu Midabkiisu Midabkiisu Midabkiisu yahay
Caleenta buluugta ah ee buluugta ah, circa 1890s, oo lagu iibiyay $ 420 oo ah Bakhaarada Morphy bishii Oktoobar, 2011. - Hindisaha Mucaaradka Muraayadda buluugga ah ee muraayadda ayaa la siiyaa midabkeeda adoo ku daraya oxaliga cobaltka ah ee la isku daro muraayadda birta ah ee sand, potash iyo lime. Cuntadani waxay ka dhigan tahay muraayad buluug ah oo loo yaqaan ' bulbul bullet' . Muraayado kale oo buluug ah ayaa lagu gaaray iyadoo la yareeyo qadarka oksaydhka kudheerka lagu daro galaaska.
Sii wad bogga 3 si aad wax uga baratid galaaska AMETHYST .
03 of 06
Sidee Amethyst Glass Garmalkeeda u Qaadatay
Saaxiib dhalaalaya ametyst gloves, waxaa suurtagal ah inay sameeyaan LE Smith, oo lagu iibiyey $ 1,800 oo ku yaal Isgaadhsiinta Morhpy Bishii Oktoobar, 2011. - Hindisaha Morphy Amethyst, ama guduud, muraayad ayaa la siiyaa midabkeeda iyadoo la raaciyo qiiqa manganis ah ee la isku daro muraayadda birta ah ee sand, potash iyo lime.
Foosto Amethyst waa in aan lagu jahwareerin muraayad qurux badan oo qurux badan oo beddeshay midab leh sababtoo ah soo-gaadhista qorraxda. Noocadan muraayad cad ayaa la sameeyey manganese sida wakiilka caddaynta, qorraxdu waxay u jeedin doontaa midabo kala duwan oo ah guduud haddii waqti ku filan. Marka la barbar dhigo midabka hodanka ah ee hodanka ah ee muraayadda ametyst, waxay u egtahay muuqaal badan oo dabiici ah oo dabiici ah.
Sidoo kale waa mid caqli gal ah in la ogaado in "muraayad quruxda" dhalada loo sameeyay si dabiici ah loo soo saaro qaar ka mid ah iibiyeyaasha aan waxba galabsan oo soo bandhigaya waxyaabo qurux badan oo cadaan ah oo dhalaalaya si ay u bedelaan midabka si ay u noqoto mid aad u fiican.
Ku sii soco bogga 4 si aad wax uga baratid galaaska quraarada .
04 06
Sidee Cagaashu Googoosheeda midabkiisa
Cagaarka 1850, 16 1/2 "dheer, oo lagu iibiyey $ 570 oo ku yaalley Bakhaarada Morphy October, 2011. - Hindisaha Morphy Muraayad cagaaran oo cagaar ah ayaa la siiyay midabkeeda adoo ku dari doona oxide birta si loo helo muraayad isku dhaf ah oo ciid ah, potash iyo lime. Noocyo kala duwan oo cagaaran oo u dhexeeya iftiin ilaa mugdi ah oo leh miro olive ah, ayaa lagu gaaray iyadoo la yareeyo qadarka birta oksiidka lagu daro galaas isku dar ah.
Noocani waa in aan lagu jahwareersanayn muraayad cagaaran oo leh sunta uranium, ama muraayadda vaseline, taas oo ah midab huruud ah oo sidoo kale ku shubi kartaa iftiinka ultraviolet ee ka dhasha maaddooyinka uranium.
Ku sii soco bogga 5 si aad wax uga baratid galaaska BROWN .
05 oo 06
Sidee Brown iyo Amber Glass Googiisa midabkiisa
Luud oo laba dhalo oo caano ah oo caanaha lagu iibiyo ah oo laga iibsaday Morphy Outuctions $ 120 bishii Oktoobar, 2011. - Hindisaha Morphy Amar iyo muraayad quraarad ah ayaa la siiyay midabkooda iyadoo la raaciyo qiiqa birta / sulfur ah ee la isku daro muraayadda birta ah ee sand, potash iyo lime.
Sii wad bogga 6 si aad wax uga baratid galaaska BROWN .
06 of 06
Sidee guduudu u eegaa midabkiisa
Mary Gregory Cajiibka muraayadda dhalada ah, kiciyaal qaboojiyaha qaboojiyaha iyo xargaha casriga ah ee la iibiyay oo badanaa lagu iibiyay $ 60 oo ah Bakhaarada Morphy bishii Oktoobar 2011-kii. Muraayad casaan ah ayaa la siiyaa midabkeeda adoo ku daraya qiiqa dahabka ah ee la isku daro muraayadda birta ah ee sand, potash iyo lime. In badan oo dahab ah oo isku dhafan waxay keenaysaa casaan qoto dheer sida quruxda quruxda Mary Gregory ee halkan lagu muujiyay. Muraayadaha kale ee casaanka ah iyo casaanka, sida shaashadda gaas-dhaliyaha ee muuqata halkan, ayaa lagu gaadhay iyadoo hoos u dhigeysa qadarka dahabka ah ee lagu daro galaaska.
Sheyga kale ee halkan lagu muujiyay (midig) waa muraayad cad oo leh cadad casaan leh oo loo yaqaan 'flashing' ka mid ah ganacsiga qunyar socodka ah, halkii laga maarmi lahaa muraayad yar.